C is a general-purpose, procedural, imperative computer programming language that was first developed in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Labs. It is considered a low-level language, as it provides the programmer with direct control over memory and system resources.

C++ is a high-performance, general-purpose, object-oriented programming language that was first released in 1985 by Bjarne Stroustrup as an extension of the C programming language. It is widely used for a variety of purposes, including system programming, game development, and developing large-scale applications.

Java is a popular, general-purpose, object-oriented programming language that was first released in 1995 by Sun Microsystems (now owned by Oracle). It is designed to be platform-independent, meaning that code written in Java can run on a wide range of devices and operating systems without modification.

Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language that is widely used for a variety of purposes, including web development, data science, artificial intelligence, and scientific computing.

JavaScript is a programming language that is commonly used to create interactive and dynamic web pages. It is a client-side scripting language.

A programming language is a formal language that is used to communicate instructions to a computer. It is used to create software and applications and allows developers to write code that a computer can understand and execute.